Advancing Energy Efficiency and Sustainable Practices in Uzbekistan's Transition to a "Green" Economy

Uzbekistan holds substantial potential for renewable energy, with approximately 97% derived from solar sources. As a sunny country, Uzbekistan is strategically positioned to prioritize the development of solar photovoltaic stations (PVS) for energy generation. The current solar generation potential ranges from 525 to 760 billion kWh, owing to the nation's 320 sunny days per year, each averaging 3,000 hours of active sunshine. Envisioning a sustainable future, Uzbekistan plans to increase the share of "green" energy to 8,000 MW by 2026, leading to a reduction of 5 million tons in carbon dioxide emissions. Additionally, by 2030, the goal is to double energy efficiency and achieve a minimum of 25% renewable energy in the economy.

Monitoring progress, Uzbekistan has witnessed a positive trend in reducing harmful substance emissions into the atmosphere, decreasing from over 1,162 thousand tons in 2014 to 909 tons in 2021, according to the State Statistics Committee.

The government plays a crucial role as a regulator in creating demand for environmentally friendly products and encouraging businesses to adopt green technologies. Successfully navigating this transition requires comprehensive climate change mitigation measures, emphasizing large-scale development of renewable energy sources (RES), and implementing energy-efficient technologies in energy-intensive construction and building industries.

Despite these positive initiatives, concerns have arisen from various bloggers regarding Uzbekistan's purchase of gas from Russia amid decreasing gas production domestically. While acknowledging this reality, it's essential to scrutinize the narrative presented by bloggers, who often portray this as a negative event, potentially placing unjust blame on the government.

Uzbekistan, renowned for its abundant natural resources, ranks among the world's ten richest countries in terms of reserves, including gold, uranium, coal, copper, and gas. Nevertheless, resource depletion is inevitable, and the reduction in gas production is directly linked to diminishing reserves.

Characterizing the republic's gas purchases from Russia as a negative event may be misguided, potentially aiming to undermine the country's energy security and sow social instability. Conversely, purchasing gas from Russia, under favorable conditions, can be viewed as a positive step. Russia, facing sanctions from leading world powers, seeks new consumers for its natural resource, leading to a decrease in gas prices. Leveraging this opportunity aligns with Uzbekistan's national and economic interests, providing cheaper raw materials.

Gas, beyond being an energy source, serves as a valuable raw material for various industries, notably the robust chemical sector in Uzbekistan. By importing cost-effective raw materials, the country fosters job creation, enhances well-being, and boosts tax revenues for the state treasury.

Global experience supports the economic rationale of importing raw materials when their price is lower than the cost of production domestically. For instance, the United States, despite being a leading gas producer, is the largest importer, ensuring energy security for future generations.

While diverse opinions on current events are welcomed, it is imperative to focus on responsible resource management. Attention should be directed not only to the government but also to gas consumers – entrepreneurs, industrial managers, and the general population. Acknowledging the reality of depleting resources, the primary objective for all economic entities is the judicious, economical, and efficient use of non-renewable resources. Importing and applying energy-saving equipment and technologies aligns with the challenge of producing more finished products with high added value while minimizing energy consumption.

In seizing opportunities to purchase affordable raw materials, especially energy resources, Uzbekistan takes a prudent step towards ensuring the nation's energy security.

Mikhail Khamidulin, Academy of Public Administration under the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, DSc. in Economics, Professor.